To analyse the electrical response of a quartz crystal resonator, it is very often useful to depict it as the equivalent electrical components that would be needed to replace it.
The basic RF circuit design for an VCXO comprises a standard crystal oscillator but with an electronic means of tuning or "pulling" the frequency slightly.
It is possible to define an infinite number of crystal cuts. However, some have defined properties that are particularly useful, and these cuts have been given specific names.
Quartz crystal technology offers very many advantages, but against this there are also some other points to be placed into the equation when considering their use: